Special characters in Hindi language

In some words, written vowels change their form in order to join up with consonants.

- With ‘aa’: ा - का [kaa] is a combination of क + आ (k + aa). The characterा is added to the right.

- With ‘i’: ि – कि [ki] is a combination of क + इ (k + i). The character ि is added to the left and above.

- With ‘ee’:ी – की [kee] is a combination of क+ ई (k + ee). The character ी is added to the right and above.

- With ‘u’: ु – कु [ku] is a combination of क + उ (k + u). The character ु is added below.

- With ‘oo’: ू - कू [koo] is a combination of क + ऊ (k + oo). The character ू is added below.

- With ‘ae’: े – के [kae] is a combination of क + ए (k + ae). The character े is added above.

- With ‘aae’: ै – कै [kaae] is a combination of क + ऐ (k + aae). The character ै is added above.

- With ‘o’: ो – को [ko] is a combination of क + ओ (k + o). The character ो is added to the right and above.

- With ‘au’: ौ – कौ [kau] is a combination of क+ औ (k + au). The character ौ is added to the right and above.

- With ‘ri’: ृ – कृ [kri] is a combination of क +ऋ (k + ri). The character ृ is added below.

For example, BBC is a combination of three vowels and three consonants in Hindi: 

ब [b]+ ई [ee] - ब [b]+ ई [ee] - स [c]+ ई [ee]

So, instead of writing it बईबईसई, BBC would be written as बीबीसी, using the character ी.

Similarly, the word radio would be a combination of three sets of vowels and consonants, for example:

र [r] + ए [ae] + ड[d] + इ[i] + ओ [o]

So, instead of writing it रएडइओ, it would be written as रेडियो using the characters े, ि and ोे.